Development of Slime Mold Optimizer with Application for Tuning Cascaded PD-PI Controller to Enhance Frequency Stability in Power Systems

Multi-area power systems (MAPSs) are highly complex non-linear facing a fundamental issue in real-world engineering problems called frequency stability (FSP). This paper develops an enhanced slime mold optimization algorithm (ESMOA) to optimize the tuning parameters for cascaded proportional derivative-proportional integral (PD-PI) controller. The novel ESMOA proposal includes new system that combines basic SMO, chaotic dynamics, and elite group. motion update incorporates technique, exploitation procedure is by searching select group rather than merely best solution overall. proposed PD-PI controller based on employed solving FSP MAPSs with two area non-reheat thermal keep balance between electrical load generation provide security, reliability, quality. evaluated using time domain simulation minimize time-multiplied absolute error (ITAE). It four different test situations various sets of perturbations. For controller, compared golden search optimizer (GSO) circle (CO), where provides performance. Furthermore, findings outperform previous published PID PI controllers adjusted numerous contemporary techniques.